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Innovations in medicine

The Balloon Embolectomy Catheter

 is a wonderful example of simple inventions resulting in a powerful medical breakthrough. This invention pioneered minimally invasive vascular surgery, and extended life saving procedures to ten's of millions of people.

  Surgeon Thomas J. Fogarty, M.D. as professor, inventor and entrepreneur, has saved tens of millions of lives by pioneering the tools and methods of less invasive vascular surgery. Before earning his MD in 1960 from the University of Cincinnati Medical School, Fogarty had conceived and designed his most significant invention. The Fogarty Balloon Embolectomy Catheter is, like many revolutionary medical innovations, simple in concept.

It is comprised of a hollow tube about the width of a pencil, with a small inflatable balloon attached at tip. The catheter is inserted through an incision into a blood vessel, and pressed through a blood clot; the balloon is inflated, so it can displace the clot as it is extracted from the vessel.

Fogarty built the first prototype in his attic using his boyhood fly-tying kit familiar to him from his regular fishing trips. Employing his dexterity he attached the fingertip of a latex surgical glove to the hollow tube. Fogarty's balloon catheter procedure was the first successful example of "less-invasive" vascular surgery.

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Lasix

 

The most important information about Lasix

• Do not use Lasix if you are unable to urinate.
• Before using Lasix, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, gout, lupus, diabetes, or an allergy to sulfa drugs.
• To be sure Lasix is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• Lasix will make you urinate more often and you may get dehydrated easily. Follow your doctor's instructions about using potassium supplements or getting enough salt and potassium in your diet.
• Avoid becoming dehydrated. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink while you are taking Lasix.
• If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.

What is Lasix

• Lasix is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in your urine.
• Lasix treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephrotic syndrome. Lasix is also used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
• Lasix may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What to discuss with your doctor before taking Lasix

• Do not use Lasix if you are unable to urinate.
• Before using Lasix, tell your doctor if you have:
· kidney disease;
· liver disease;
· gout;
· lupus;
· diabetes; or
· an allergy to sulfa drugs.
• If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use Lasix, or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.
• FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
• Lasix can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How to take Lasix

• Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor.
• Your doctor may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results from this medication.
• Lasix will make you urinate more often and you may get dehydrated easily. Follow your doctor's instructions about using potassium supplements or getting enough salt and potassium in your diet.
• To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.
• If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
• Store this medication at room temperature away from heat, light, and moisture.

What happens in case of missing a dose

• Lasix is sometimes used only once, so you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are using the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and wait until your next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens in case of overdosing

• Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of Lasix. Symptoms of a Lasix overdose may include ringing in your ears, loss of appetite, weakness, dizziness, confusion, feeling light-headed, or fainting.

What to avoid while taking Lasix

• Avoid becoming dehydrated. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink while you are taking Lasix.
• Avoid exposure to sunlight or artificial UV rays (sunlamps or tanning beds). Lasix can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight and sunburn may result. Use a sunscreen (minimum SPF 15) and wear protective clothing if you must be out in the sun.

The possible side effects of Lasix

• Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Stop using Lasix and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
· dry mouth, thirst, nausea, vomiting;
· feeling weak, drowsy, restless, or light-headed;
· fast or uneven heartbeat;
· muscle pain or weakness;
· urinating less than usual or not at all;
· easy bruising or bleeding, unusual weakness;
· a red, blistering, peeling skin rash;
· hearing loss; or
· nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
• Continue taking Lasix and talk with your doctor if you have any of these less serious side effects:
· diarrhea, constipation, or stomach pain;
· headache;
· numbness, burning, pain, or tingly feeling;
· dizziness; or
· blurred vision.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

Other drugs which affect Lasix

• If you take sucralfate (Carafate), take it at least 2 hours before or after you take Lasix.
• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
· lithium;
· digoxin (Lanoxin);
· steroids (prednisone and others);
· ethacrynic acid (Edecrin);
· diet pills or cold medicine;
· other blood pressure medications;
· amikacin (Amikin), gentamicin (Garamycin), netilmicin (Netromycin), streptomycin, tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobi);
· salicylates such as aspirin, Disalcid, Doan's Pills, Dolobid, Salflex, Tricosal, and others; or
· indomethacin.
• If you are using any of these drugs, you may not be able to use Lasix, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.
• There may be other drugs not listed that can affect Lasix. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.


Where to get more information

• Your pharmacist has additional information about Lasix written for health professionals that you may read.
• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

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